05 May What Causes Lung Cancer in Non-smokers: A Guide
Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, with smoking being a well-known cause. However, not all cases are caused by smoking. In fact, lung cancer in non-smokers is becoming increasingly common.
According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 10-20% of lung cancer cases in the United States are diagnosed in non-smokers or have quit smoking. It is essential to understand its top causes in non-smokers to prevent and detect the disease early.
Environmental Factors
Exposure to environmental pollutants is a leading cause of lung cancer in non-smokers. Radon, a radioactive gas released from the natural decay of uranium in soil and rocks, is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States. Radon exposure is more common in homes that are poorly ventilated or built on soil with high levels of uranium. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, radon is responsible for about 21,000 lung cancer deaths each year in the United States.
Other environmental factors that can cause lung cancer in non-smokers include air pollution, workplace exposure to carcinogens such as asbestos, diesel exhaust, and secondhand smoke. Inhaling secondhand smoke from tobacco products increases the risk of lung cancer in non-smokers by 20-30%.
Genetic Factors
Genetic factors also play a role in the development of lung cancer in non-smokers. Inherited genetic mutations can increase the risk of developing lung cancer. The most common genetic condition associated with lung cancer is hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), also known as Lynch syndrome. Individuals with this condition have a higher risk of developing several types of cancer, including lung cancer.
Other genetic mutations associated with lung cancer risk in non-smokers include EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) mutations, KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma) mutations, and ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) gene rearrangements. These genetic mutations are not caused by environmental factors, but they can be detected through genetic testing.
Personal Factors
Another thing that plays a role in the development of lung cancer in non-smokers are personal factors like age, gender, and ethnicity. Women are more at risk than men, even if they have never smoked. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 60% of non-smoking lung cancer patients are women. Moreover, Asians and African Americans have a higher risk of developing lung cancer than Caucasians.
Age is also a significant risk factor for lung cancer in non-smokers. As we age, the risk of developing lung cancer increases. Most cases are diagnosed in individuals over the age of 60.
Detection and Treatment
Early detection is essential for the successful treatment of lung cancer in non-smokers. The symptoms in non-smokers are similar to those in smokers and can include coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue. However, since lung cancer in non-smokers is less common, it can be difficult to diagnose. You should seek medical attention or visit a cancer center if symptoms persist for more than two weeks.
Screening in high-risk populations, such as individuals with a family history of lung cancer or exposure to environmental pollutants, can help detect the disease early. Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs can also help detect lung cancer.
Treatment for lung cancer in non-smokers is similar to that in smokers and can include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation treatment. Targeted therapies, which target specific genetic mutations, are also available for non-smokers with lung cancer.
Conclusion
Lung cancer in non-smokers is becoming increasingly common, and it is essential to understand the top lung cancer causes in non-smokers to prevent and detect the disease early. Environmental factors, genetic factors, and personal factors all play a role in the development of lung cancer in non-smokers. Early detection through screening and prompt medical attention can increase the chances of successful treatment. If you are concerned about your risk of developing lung cancer, consult with your healthcare provider or visit a cancer center for more information.
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